Correct Answer) D: chemical reaction

Description:

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products and an arrow that points towards the products, and shows the direction of the reaction. The coefficients next to the symbols and formulae of entities are the absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers. The first chemical equation was diagrammed by Jean Beguin in 1615.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation

Correct Answer) B: Russia

Description:

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race; his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin

Correct Answer) A: D

Description:

Vitamin D helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body. These nutrients are needed to keep bones, teeth and muscles healthy. A lack of vitamin D can lead to bone deformities such as rickets in children, and bone pain caused by a condition called osteomalacia in adults. The body creates vitamin D from direct sunlight on the skin when outdoors.
Vitamin D is also found in a small number of foods.
Sources include:
1. oily fish – such as salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel
2. red meat
3. liver
4. egg yolks
5. fortified foods – such as some fat spreads and breakfast cereals
Another source of vitamin D is dietary supplements.
Source:
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/

Correct Answer) D: pores

Description:

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera are a basal animal clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. The branch of zoology that studies sponges is known as spongiology.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge

Correct Answer) A: vegetative reproduction

Description:

Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or a specialized reproductive structure. Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative plant parts to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly. Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making it more challenging to propagate.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetative_reproduction

Correct Answer) B: cornea

Description:

Only a part of the eye can be transplanted, and not the whole eye. When someone receives an “eye transplant,” they are being given a donor cornea, the clear front part of the eye. The corneal transplant requires a functioning retina and optic nerve to restore vision.

Correct Answer) A: backbones

Description:

Vertebrate is derived from the word vertebra, which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column. All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan: a stiff rod running through the length of the animal (vertebral column and/or notochord), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue (the spinal cord) above it and the gastrointestinal tract below. In all vertebrates, the mouth is found at, or right below, the anterior end of the animal, while the anus opens to the exterior before the end of the body. The remaining part of the body continuing after the anus forms a tail with vertebrae and spinal cord, but no gut.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate

Correct Answer) D: 1.5 kg

Description:

In humans, the right cerebral hemisphere is typically larger than the left, whereas the cerebellar hemispheres are typically closer in size. The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb). In men the average weight is about 1370 g and in women about 1200 g. The volume is around 1260 cm3 in men and 1130 cm3 in women, although there is substantial individual variation. Yet another study argued that adult human brain weight is 1,300-1,400g for adult humans and 350-400g for newborn humans. There is a range of volume and weights, and not just one number that one can definitively rely on, as with body mass. It is also important to note that variation between individuals is not as important as variation within species, as overall the differences are much smaller. The mechanisms of interspecific and intraspecific variation also differ.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size

Correct Answer) A: Kerosene oil

Description:

Most liquid chemical rockets use two separate propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. Typical fuels include kerosene, alcohol, hydrazine and its derivatives, and liquid hydrogen. Many others have been tested and used. Oxidizers include nitric acid, nitrogen tetroxide, liquid oxygen, and liquid fluorine.
For more details:
https://history.nasa.gov/conghand/propelnt.htm

Correct Answer) D: Absolute humidity

Description:

ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY:
Absolute humidity (expressed as grams of water vapor per cubic meter volume of air) is a measure of the actual amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of the air's temperature. The higher the amount of water vapor, the higher the absolute humidity. For example, a maximum of about 30 grams of water vapor can exist in a cubic meter volume of air with a temperature in the middle 80s. SPECIFIC HUMIDITY refers to the weight (amount) of water vapor contained in a unit weight (amount) of air (expressed as grams of water vapor per kilogram of air). Absolute and specific humidity are quite similar in concept.
Source:
https://www.weather.gov/lmk/humidity

Correct Answer) A: another plant

Description:

Epiphyte, also called air plant, any plant that grows upon another plant or object merely for physical support. Epiphytes have no attachment to the ground or other obvious nutrient source and are not parasitic on the supporting plants. Most epiphytes are found in moist tropical areas, where their ability to grow above ground level provides access to sunlight in dense shaded forests and exploits the nutrients available from leaf and other organic debris that collects high in the tree canopy.
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/plant/epiphyte

Correct Answer) B: fungi

Description:

fungus, plural fungi, any of about 144,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which includes the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. There are also many funguslike organisms, including slime molds and oomycetes (water molds), that do not belong to kingdom Fungi but are often called fungi.
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus

Correct Answer) C: interferon

Description:

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses. IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to "interfere" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and "flu-like symptoms", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Correct Answer) C: Latin

Description:

virus, infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. The name is from a Latin word meaning “slimy liquid” or “poison.”
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/science/virus

Correct Answer) A: Extrusive Rocks

Description:

Basalt is an aphanitic extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt is chemically equivalent to slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro. The eruption of basalt lava is observed by geologists at about 20 volcanoes per year. Basalt is also an important rock type on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. For example, the bulk of the plains of Venus, which cover ?80% of the surface, are basaltic; the lunar maria are plains of flood-basaltic lava flows; and basalt is a common rock on the surface of Mars.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt

Correct Answer) A: Vitamin K

Description:

Spinach is a great staple to add to your diet. This leafy green vegetable grows all year round and is packed with vitamins and minerals. Vitamin K is essential to bone health and growth, and spinach is packed with it. Eating just one cup of spinach fulfills the recommended daily amount of Vitamin K your body needs.
Source:
https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-spinach#1

Correct Answer) C: xylem vessel

Description:

Xylem is the tissue in vascular plants which conducts water (and substances dissolved in it) upwards in a plant. There are two kinds of cell which are involved in the actual transport: tracheids and vessel elements. Vessel elements are the building blocks of vessels, which constitute the major part of the water transporting system in those plants in which they occur. Vessels form an efficient system for transporting water (including necessary minerals) from the root to the leaves and other parts of the plant.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vessel_element

Correct Answer) D: Absolute humidity

Description:

ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY:
Absolute humidity (expressed as grams of water vapor per cubic meter volume of air) is a measure of the actual amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of the air's temperature. The higher the amount of water vapor, the higher the absolute humidity. For example, a maximum of about 30 grams of water vapor can exist in a cubic meter volume of air with a temperature in the middle 80s. SPECIFIC HUMIDITY refers to the weight (amount) of water vapor contained in a unit weight (amount) of air (expressed as grams of water vapor per kilogram of air). Absolute and specific humidity are quite similar in concept.
Source:
https://www.weather.gov/lmk/humidity

Correct Answer) C: Stigma

Description:

A female part of the flower. It is the sticky bulb that you see in the center of flowers and is the part where the pollen lands and starts the fertilization process.
Source:
https://web.extension.illinois.edu/gpe/glossary/stigma.html

Correct Answer) B: 17 m

Description:

The velocity of sound in dry air is approximately 343 m/s at a temperature of 25 °C. Therefore, the reflecting object must be more than 17.2m from the sound source for echo to be perceived by a person located at the source.

Correct Answer) A: Kerosene oil

Description:

Most liquid chemical rockets use two separate propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. Typical fuels include kerosene, alcohol, hydrazine and its derivatives, and liquid hydrogen. Many others have been tested and used. Oxidizers include nitric acid, nitrogen tetroxide, liquid oxygen, and liquid fluorine.
For more details:
https://history.nasa.gov/conghand/propelnt.htm

Correct Answer) D: poison

Description:

The word is from the Latin neuter v?rus referring to poison and other noxious liquids. A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

Correct Answer) D: Mercury

Description:

Mercury is an extreme planet in several respects. Because of its nearness to the Sun its average orbital distance is 58 million km (36 million miles) it has the shortest year (a revolution period of 88 days) and receives the most intense solar radiation of all the planets. With a radius of about 2,440 km (1,516 miles), Mercury is the smallest major planet, smaller even than Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede, or Saturn’s largest moon, Titan.
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Mercury-planet/Basic-astronomical-data

Correct Answer) B: Kinetic

Description:

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. If an object is moving, it is said to have kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is one of the two main forms of energy – the other is potential (stored) energy.

Correct Answer) D: Tentacles

Description:

In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are sensory organs, variously receptive to touch, vision, or to the smell or taste of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the eyestalks of various kinds of snails. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions. A tentacle is similar to a cirrus, but a cirrus is an organ that usually lacks the tentacle's strength, size, flexibility, or sensitivity. A nautilus has cirri, but a squid has tentacles.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentacle